The document discusses rules for changing nouns from singular to plural in English. It explains that most nouns form the plural by adding 's', and some exceptions where 'es' is added depending on endings like 's', 'sh', 'ch', 'o', or 'x'. It also covers special cases when the singular ends in 'y' or 'f'.

1. watch watches
clown clowns
baby
PLURALS
babies
leaf leaves
key keys
EXIT

2. SINGULAR PLURAL
BACK

3. We can change most nouns from singular to plural
by adding s.
girl- door-
chair- desk-
mother- table-
BACK

4. When a noun ends with s, sh, ch, o, x, z, we need
to add an es.
bus- brush-
catch- tomato-
fox- waltz-
BACK

5. When a noun ends with a consonant (b,c,d, f etc.)
and a y, we change the y to an i and add an es.
fly- candy-
city- penny-
army- lady-
BACK

6. If a noun ends with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) and a y,
we add an s.
day- boy-
buy pay-
toy- clay-
BACK

7. There are certain nouns that end with f or fe that are
changed by replacing the f with a v and adding es.
wolf- knife-
life- thief-
loaf- leaf-
BACK